The three horizontal lines placed one above the other. The Hamburger menu hides all site navigation. Designers use it to use space rationally. The study shows that hidden navigation is less discoverable and provides a worse user experience than visible.
People were more likely to use a combo or visible navigation on both mobile and on desktop.
The hidden and combo navigation people more likely to use on mobile than on desktop.
On both desktop and mobile, when the navigation was hidden, it took participants longer to use it than when it was visible or partly visible.
Both on mobile and desktop, the content discoverability was significantly lower when the navigation was hidden.
Hidden navigation led to significantly higher difficulty ratings than visible or combo navigation.
Users took significantly longer to complete tasks on sites with hidden navigation than they did on sites with visible or combo navigation on both desktop and mobile.
